Universal Encyclopedia

As COVID-19 (coronavirus) has spread all over the globe causing a pandemic, we are taking several precautions against it. While everyone is waiting for situations to get better and this arises a question in our mind,  Is Coronavirus vaccine ready?  before that we must know how our Immune System fights infection,  how Vaccines are developed, how Vaccines function. Immune System - Body’s Defense When bacteria or viruses, invade the body, they attack and multiply. This invasion, called an infection, is what causes illness.  Blood contains red blood cells, for carrying oxygen to tissues and organs, and white or immune cells, for fighting infection.  White cells consists of:  Macrophages swallow up and digest germs, plus dead or dying cells. Leave behind parts of the invading germs called antigens. B-lymphocytes   Defensive white blood cells Produces antibodies that attack the antigens left behind by the macrophages.  T-lymphocytes (Memory Cells)  : Stor

Current Statistics and Information There is global panic created due to 2019-nCoV , one of the five coronaviruses which includes SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) and MERS (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome). It was identified in January 2020 as the causative agent of an outbreak of viral pneumonia centered around Wuhan, China. The virus has caused a widespread outbreak and a total of 20,623 (including 20,471 in China , Hong Kong and Macau) confirmed cases of novel coronavirus infection including 427 deaths (including one in the Philippines) have been reported across the world as of 03 February 2020. A total of three confirmed cases have been reported in India . The Ministry of Health & Family Welfare of India confirmed the first case of coronavirus on 30 January 2020, a student who arrived in Kerala from Wuhan and tested positive for the virus. The person is currently being monitored and is said to be in a stable condition. In India, the highest number of coron

We all are familiar with Antibiotics as a super drug or lets say a super weapon against Bacteria. So why does this super weapon secretly or unknowingly creating a Super Bacteria leading to an Antibiotic Apocalypse ! . Wait....lets start from beginning. Bacteria  are tiny organisms that are present almost everywhere, even inside our body. Most of them are harmless to us. There are trillions in our body and help us to survive. While some of the bacteria are harmful and can kill you by invading your body. Until past century, millions of people used to die every year due to infections caused by bacteria. Then we discovered Antibiotics, a super drug that can kill majority of bacteria fairly quickly. These antibiotics attack bacteria and disrupts its metabolism so they cant reproduce and eventually killing them and without any major side effects. Super bacteria But, Bacteria are evolving and becoming immune to antibiotics by pure random chance based on Darwin's t

On 17 May, 1902, while exploring a 2000 year old ship wreckage, an artifact was discovered. The artifact remained a mystery for about 100 years when scientists from all over the world started researching upon it. The research says that it was ancient greek analogue computer designed by greek scientists dated to about 80 to 150 BC. The technology and the mechanism made the device incomprehensibly ahead of time that it is not possible for such advanced device to exist at that time. Some scientists believe that it was given to the Humans by some alien civilization. It could track time, predict astronomical positions and eclipses. It was the world's very first computer over 2000 years before the first computer we know. However, the knowledge used to create such an advanced device was lost in antiquity and it is not possible to create such sophisticated advanced device for another thousands of years.

A Wormhole is a theoretical passage through space-time that could create shortcuts for long journeys across the universe. Wormholes are predicted by the Einstein's theory of general relativity . It says that space is made up of 3-dimensional space and time as a fourth dimension. This space-time bents or stretches due to the objects it has. The smaller the object is, the more is the space bents which creates a wormhole. Lets understand in easier way, Suppose you are in a room of a large building, and you need to go to the room just below your room, normally you would walk through the lobby and then go down through stairs to the room. But what if you make a hole on the floor and directly jump to the another room.  Similarly, Wormhole connects two points of space-time, which will let you travel between two space points in a very short time, even faster than the Light. It will also let you time travel in past or future. Technically it is not viable, it soun

Earlier this year, Researchers at Facebook Artificial Intelligence Research  built a chatbot that was meant to learn how to negotiate by mimicking human trading and bartering. But when the social network paired two of the programs, nicknamed Alice and Bob, to trade against each other, they started to learn their own bizarre form of communication. The two chatbots came to create their own changes to English that made it easier for them to work – but which remained mysterious to the humans that supposedly look after them. The bizarre discussions came as Facebook challenged its chatbots to try and negotiate with each other over a trade, attempting to swap hats, balls and books, each of which were given a certain value. But they quickly broke down as the robots appeared t

There have been mass extinctions in the past, and we’re probably in one now. All the previous mass extinctions were due to ice age, volcanic eruptions, asteroid impacts, greenhouse gases, etc. But we are about to face another mass extinction. It may occur due to the human activities. But research says, every time there is a mass extinction, the most powerful and dominating species becomes extinct. In one of the past event, Dinosaurs were dominating and became extinct. We all know, humans are dominating the planet now, and the chances of our extinction are high unless we are prepared for it.