Universal Encyclopedia

As COVID-19 (coronavirus) has spread all over the globe causing a pandemic, we are taking several precautions against it. While everyone is waiting for situations to get better and this arises a question in our mind,  Is Coronavirus vaccine ready?  before that we must know how our Immune System fights infection,  how Vaccines are developed, how Vaccines function. Immune System - Body’s Defense When bacteria or viruses, invade the body, they attack and multiply. This invasion, called an infection, is what causes illness.  Blood contains red blood cells, for carrying oxygen to tissues and organs, and white or immune cells, for fighting infection.  White cells consists of:  Macrophages swallow up and digest germs, plus dead or dying cells. Leave behind parts of the invading germs called antigens. B-lymphocytes   Defensive white blood cells Produces antibodies that attack the antigens left behind by the macrophages.  ...

Current Statistics and Information There is global panic created due to 2019-nCoV , one of the five coronaviruses which includes SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) and MERS (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome). It was identified in January 2020 as the causative agent of an outbreak of viral pneumonia centered around Wuhan, China. The virus has caused a widespread outbreak and a total of 20,623 (including 20,471 in China , Hong Kong and Macau) confirmed cases of novel coronavirus infection including 427 deaths (including one in the Philippines) have been reported across the world as of 03 February 2020. A total of three confirmed cases have been reported in India . The Ministry of Health & Family Welfare of India confirmed the first case of coronavirus on 30 January 2020, a student who arrived in Kerala from Wuhan and tested positive for the virus. The person is currently being monitored and is said to be in a stable condition. In India, the highest number of coron...

We all are familiar with Antibiotics as a super drug or lets say a super weapon against Bacteria. So why does this super weapon secretly or unknowingly creating a Super Bacteria leading to an Antibiotic Apocalypse ! . Wait....lets start from beginning. Bacteria  are tiny organisms that are present almost everywhere, even inside our body. Most of them are harmless to us. There are trillions in our body and help us to survive. While some of the bacteria are harmful and can kill you by invading your body. Until past century, millions of people used to die every year due to infections caused by bacteria. Then we discovered Antibiotics, a super drug that can kill majority of bacteria fairly quickly. These antibiotics attack bacteria and disrupts its metabolism so they cant reproduce and eventually killing them and without any major side effects. Super bacteria But, Bacteria are evolving and becoming immune to antibiotics by pure random chance based on Darwin's t...